经济学人：传统儒家思想的矛盾——电视剧《都挺好》引发的思考

Conflicted Confucians

经济学人：传统儒家思想的矛盾——电视剧《都挺好》引发的思考

原刊：《经济学人》3月23日刊

翻译：凤梨是只胖柯基

校阅：Yates

图源：网络，版权归原作者所有

A hit show questions blind obedience to unreasonable parents

中国一档热门电视剧《都挺好》揭露了对不理智父母的盲目服从的问题

IT IS NO mean feat to be one of the top-ten trending hashtags on Weibo, China’s equivalent of Twitter, for 20 consecutive days and counting. “All is Well”, a show on provincial television which premiered on March 1st, has done just that. The show tells the story of a fictional Chinese family torn by internal conflict. The female protagonist, Su Mingyu, is barely on speaking terms with her widowed father and one of her two brothers. The father is a nagging crank who expects his two adult sons to bankroll his lavish tastes. This leads to constant bickering between the brothers, neither of whom wants to be called unfilial.

连续20天成为微博(相当于中国的推特)十大热搜话题之一绝非易事。3月1日首播的省级电视台节目《都挺好》却做到了这一点。该剧讲述了一个虚构的中国家庭被内部冲突撕裂的故事。女主人公苏明玉和她鳏居的父亲以及她的二哥关系并不好。她的父亲是个挑剔的怪人，他希望他的两个成年儿子能为他无理的要求买单。这导致了两个兄弟之间不断的争吵，他们都不想被称为不孝。

Episodes of “All is Well” have been streamed more than 390m times. That exceeds the online viewership of the next most popular television series by 278m. From “The Simpsons” to “Game of Thrones”, dramas about bickering families are common in many countries. But in China, people prefers entertainment to be unchallenging. So the questioning of blind attachment to traditional values in “All is Well” is causing a stir. Viewers are transfixed by its rare portrayal of middle-class life, warts and all.

《都挺好》剧集的播放量已超过3.9亿次。这比排名第二的最受欢迎电视剧的在线收视率高出2.78亿。从《辛普森一家》(The Simpsons)到《权力的游戏》(Game of Thrones)，关于家庭争吵的电视剧在许多国家都很常见。但在中国，民众更喜欢比较“大团圆”的剧集。因此，对《都挺好》中对传统价值观的盲目依恋的质疑引起了轩然大波。观众们被它对中产阶级生活的细致描述惊呆了，各种问题被毫无保留地暴露在大家面前。

Many Chinese can relate to the Su family’s troubles. The daughter holds a grudge against her father (the two are pictured), and especially against her late mother, for having mistreated her while pampering her brothers. As a child she was made to wash her brothers’ clothes. Her parents turned a blind eye when one of her brothers beat her. For many female viewers born before 1979, when China introduced a one-child-per-couple policy (changed to two in 2016), such scenes have brought back painful memories. Some have used social media to share their own tales of sexism within the family.

许多中国人对苏家的问题都感同身受。女儿对父亲怀恨在心，尤其是对她已故的母亲，因为她在溺爱哥哥的同时虐待了她。当她还是个孩子的时候，她被要求给她的哥哥们洗衣服。当她的二哥打她时，她的父母视而不见。对于许多1979年以前出生的女性观众来说（2016年以前一直是独生子女政策），这样的场景勾起了她们痛苦的回忆。一些人利用社交媒体分享他们自己的家庭性别歧视故事。

But the biggest reaction has been to the drama’s critique of filial piety. Even today, the Confucian principle of unswerving loyalty to one’s parents remains hallowed. Many people say the best measure of adherence to this virtue is whether a son takes good care of his parents in old age. A recent poll by Toutiao, a Chinese news app, found that 54% of elderly people in China get more than half of their expenses covered by their adult children. Partly, no doubt, this is due to a patchy pensions system. But it also reflects a culture of “never saying no to your parents”, says an “All is Well” fan in Beijing.

但最大的反应是该剧对孝道的批判。即使在今天，儒家思想中对父母始终不渝的忠诚仍然是神圣的。许多人说，衡量一个人是否坚持这一美德的最好方法是看他是否能在年老时照顾好他的父母。中国新闻应用今日头条(Toutiao)最近进行的一项调查发现，54%的中国老年人一半以上的支出由成年子女承担。毫无疑问，部分原因是养老金体系不完善。但北京一位《都挺好》的粉丝说，这也反映了一种“永远不要对父母说不”的文化。

In the series, however, the widowed father does not attract much sympathy. He throws tantrums and insists that his eldest son buy him a three-bedroom apartment (the son grudgingly does so). Commentators on social media have taken to calling the father a juying (“giant baby”)—a characteristic common among parents in real life, they say. The Su children do their duty, but the audience is supposed to applaud the resentment they express.

然而，在剧中，这位鳏居的父亲并没有引起多少同情。他大发脾气，坚持要大儿子给他买一套三居室的公寓(儿子后来不情愿地买了)。社交媒体上的评论人士已经开始称这位父亲为“巨婴”——这是现实生活中父母们的共同特点，他们说。苏家的孩子们尽了自己的职责，但观众真正应该为几个孩子所表达的对父母的不满而鼓掌。

There have been mixed reviews in state media. One newspaper said that the “realistic plot and acting” had touched the “pain points” of many viewers. Beijing Daily, however, said the drama was “unrealistic”. It said it caricatured elderly parents by “unreasonably” ascribing “every possible bad quality” of old people to one character.

官方媒体的评论褒贬不一。一家报纸说，“真实的情节和表演”触动了许多观众的“痛点”。然而，《北京日报》表示，该剧“不现实”。该公司表示，它将老年人“所有可能的坏品质”都归咎于一个角色，“不合理地”讽刺了年迈的父母。

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