美国正在张罗一场所谓的“民主峰会”,可就在其粉墨登场之际,暴露出了越来越多不可辩驳的“西方式不民主”。
今天我们聊一聊把美国、英国、澳大利亚政客玩弄于股掌之间的“媒体巨鳄”——鲁伯特·默多克(Rupert Murdoch),通过他的故事,深入了解“美式民主”背后的金钱政治。
特朗普甘愿给他当司机;里根给他开绿灯;撒切尔夫人让他凌驾于英国政策之上;伊战前,布莱尔跟他的谈话次数多到吓人;澳大利亚的政客更是如履薄冰地迎合他的政策偏好 ......
野蛮扩展,控制澳洲政坛
默多克毕业于英国牛津大学,也算是个学霸。20多岁时默多克父亲去世,他回到了老家澳大利亚继承父业。
很多人都觉得默多克发家致富是因为他爹。其实如果现在返回去看,默多克父亲留下的那几份报业当时销量都很一般。
很快,在收购了一系列地方报纸后,默多克从悉尼转战整个澳大利亚。1964年,默多克进入全国性日报—《澳大利亚人报》,开始了旗下新闻集团最早的报纸业务。
根据《悉尼先驱晨报》的数据,2016年进行的一项关于媒体所有权和集中度的研究称,默多克的新闻集团拥有全澳大利亚约65%的印刷报纸读者群。
Everyone's frightened of Murdoch. They really are. There's a culture of fear across the country…
There was this crazy agenda that Rupert acknowledged to me that was the push by [News Corpeditor] Paul Whittaker, and apparently with Lachlan's support, which was that my leadership should be overthrown or damaged so that we would lose the 2019 election …
Turnbull was reportedly warned in a phone call from media mogul Kerry Stokes that Murdoch and his company were intent on removing him from power, although Stokes has denied this.
The most powerful political actor in Australia is not the Liberal party or theNational party or the Labor party, it is News Corporation.
60年代,默多克开始进军英国媒体圈,先后收购了《世界新闻报》《太阳报》。喜欢看英国报纸的人,应该都知道这两家媒体是什么调性。
CD君简单介绍下,《太阳报》因三版女郎而出名。三版女郎顾名思义就是在报纸第三版固定放女郎照片。该报纸在成立50周年的时候,还专门写了篇文章点赞自己报纸三版女郎的历史意义。
原话是这样说的:
这个大胆的决定永远地改变了英国的报纸和社会。
The daring decision changed British newspapers, and society, forever.
《卫报》报道称,当时撒切尔夫人需要从新闻界获得支持。于是,她选择支持默多克竞购《泰晤士报》和《星期日泰晤士报》。成功收购后,默多克利用《太阳报》创造的巨大利润为《泰晤士报》供给资金,引导舆论。这种小报造谣,大报带节奏的方式沿用至今,甚至跨国操作。
In 1981, Mrs Thatcher needed a boost from the press. By supporting Rupert Murdoch's bid for the Times and Sunday Times, she made sure she got it.
撒切尔夫人之后呢?会有新的变化么?有!NBC点评默多克和撒切尔之间的关系时,用的词还是“共生”(symbiotic)。而到了布莱尔政府,就完全不一样了,英国智库WARC给出的评价变成了“卑躬屈膝”(genuflected)而且前面还加了个程度副词“习惯性地”(habitually)。
卑躬屈膝到何种程度?
《新闻公报》(Press Gazette)援引《太阳报》前编辑大卫·耶兰(David Yelland)的报道称,伊拉克战争陆上战开始之前,英国时任首相布莱尔和默多克的谈话次数甚至和外长、防长的次数一样多。
I think it's now been established that in the week before the land war began the Prime Minister spoke to Rupert Murdoch almost as much as he spoke to his Foreign Secretary or his Defence Secretary. That's influence.
默多克拥有4家英国报纸,有着全国37%的读者,足够左右大选。英国前首相布莱尔坦言自己也很无奈。《路透社》报道称,英国政客被迫向默多克等媒体大亨献殷勤,不然将面临大量新闻攻击。
British leaders have no choice but to court powerful media barons such as Rupert Murdoch or risk savage press attacks.
Parties should do what's best for the country and not just to appease newspaper editors. When we see prime ministers or potential prime ministers traveling half way round the world to court people like Rupert Murdoch, that seriously damages our democracy.
据《纽约时报》介绍,起初,按照美国相关部门的规定,禁止在同一市场拥有电视台和报纸。当时默多克已经拥有了《纽约邮报》和《波士顿先驱报》,按规定是不可以继续野蛮扩张的。为了给默多克提供便利,里根政府免去了这一规定。这让默多克就可以合理合法合规地玩儿垄断,既占领报业,又能从电视业分上一杯羹。
The Reagan administration later waived a prohibition against owning a television station and a newspaper in the same market, allowing Murdoch to hold onto his big metro dailies, The New York Post and The Boston Herald, even as he moved into TV in both cities.
为了帮特朗普赢得大选,福克斯甚至邀请炒作希拉里和外星人有不正当关系的人当嘉宾,抨击希拉里。
其实冷静分析下,默多克的基本信念就是要通过媒介控制思想,获得操控政府的权力,让个人凌驾于法律之上,显然这与中国特色社会主义以及中华民族伟大复兴之间,存在着先天的矛盾。换句话说,默多克的套路在中国市场上的失败从某种程度上其实是注定的。
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文章标题:深扒默多克与“美式民主”,比八卦杂志狗血多了发布于2021-12-18 23:30:03


