性别平衡——内在的男灵与女灵

此段摘自《灵魂永生》第十三章“转世、梦境，以及自身隐藏的男女特征”

每个人都有过男身，也有过女身。通常，这些转世经历并未保留在有意识记忆里。为了防止一个人与现在的性别过分认同，在男人内往往存在着一个内在的女性化身。这个男性之内的女性化身就是荣格所说的 “女灵（阿尼玛）”的真正含义。

因此，在男性内的女灵，是对“内我”曾参与的先前所有女性生活的心灵记忆与认同。女灵知晓目前这个男性过去身为女性的经历，并直觉地了解这人格与生俱来的所有女性特质。

因此，女灵是一个重要保障，以防止男性过分认同那些由目前背景、环境和教育强加于他的男性文化特征。女灵不但会影响个人，也影响着集体文明，她柔化了强烈的攻击倾向，不仅在家庭关系中起到了与女性沟通的桥梁作用，而且被应用于艺术和语言而成为思想交流的桥梁。

因此，男人常常梦见自己是女人。这种特别的梦能告诉他许多他身为女人时的转世背景。男性与女性显然不是对立的，而是倾向于融合。女祭司、母亲、年轻的女巫、妻子以及有智慧的老妇——这些有普遍代表性的人物都是原型，因为她们就是“根元素”，象征性地代表了各种所谓的女性特质，以及男性曾经历过的各种女性人生。

当然，女人也经历过各种女性人生。不过，女人的女性特质不需提醒，但是，同样为了使她们不至于过分认同目前的性别，在女人内同样有荣格所谓的“男灵（阿尼玛斯）”，即隐藏的男性。

同样，男灵又代表了自己曾参与的男性生活——少年、祭司、富于攻击性的“丛林男人”，以及智慧老人。这些都是有代表性的人物，象征性地普遍代表了目前这个女人过去所经历的男性生活。因此，通过研究有这类典型人物出现的梦，或她们自己作为男性出现的梦，女人可以对她们身为男人的前世知道得更多。

通过所谓的女灵与男灵，目前的人格能汲取前世身为异性时所获得的知识、直觉与背景。比如说，在某些时候，女人可能过分夸大自己的女性特征，在这种情况下，男灵或内在的男性会来帮助她，通过梦境带来一种知识的冲击，从而获致平衡的男性化反应。

这同样也适用于男人，当他不论为了什么理由而过分认同他所认为的男性特征时。女灵或内在的女人会唤起他的补偿性行为，引起直觉能力的急剧提升，并带来创造性的元素以抵消攻击性。

理论上讲，如果不加干扰，这些运作将导致一种个人乃至集体的平衡，在这种平衡中，攻击性总能被创造性地利用，而这的确是可能并应该做到的。

As I mentioned earlier, each person lives both male and female lives. As a rule, conscious memory of these is not retained. To prevent an overidentification of the individual with his present sex, within the male there resides an inner personification of femaleness. This personification of femaleness in the male is the true meaning of what Jung called the "anima." 

The anima in the male is, therefore, the psychic memory and identification of all the previous female existences in which the inner self has been involved. It contains within it the knowledge of the present male's past female histories, and the intuitive understanding of all the female qualities with which the personality is innately endowed. 

The anima, therefore, is an important safeguard, preventing the male from over-identifying with whatever cultural male characteristics have been imposed upon him through present background, environment, and education. The anima serves not only as a personal but as a mass-civilizing influence, mellowing strongly aggressive tendencies and serving also as a bridge both in communicating with women in a family relationship, and in communication also as it is applied through the arts and verbalization. 

The male will often dream of himself, therefore, as a female. The particular way in which he does so, can tell him much about his own reincarnational background in which he operated as a female. Maleness and femaleness are obviously not opposites, but merging tendencies. The priestess, the mother, the young witch, the wife, and the old wise woman - these general types are archetypes, simply because they are "root elements" representing, symbolically, the various kinds of so-called female qualities and the various kinds of female lives that have been lived by males. 

They have also been lived by females, of course. However, the women do not need to be reminded of their femaleness, but again, so that they do not overidentify with their present sex, there is what Jung called the "animus," or the hidden male within the woman.

Again, however, this represents the male lives with which the self has been involved - the young boy, the priest, the aggressive "jungle man," and the wise old man. These are types, representing generally and symbolically past male lives lived by present women. Women, therefore, can learn much about their reincarnational past as men, through studying those dreams in which these types appear, or in which they themselves appear as men. 

Through the anima and the animus, so-called, present personalities are able to draw upon the knowledge and intuitions and background that was derived from past existences as the opposite sex. On some occasions, for example, the woman may go overboard and exaggerate female characteristics, in which case the animus or male within comes to her aid, bringing through dream experiences an onrush of knowledge that will result in compensating malelike reactions. 

The same applies to a male when he over-identifies with what he believes to be male characteristics, for whatever reason. The anima or woman within will rouse him to make compensating actions, causing an upsurge of intuitive abilities, bringing a creative element to offset aggressiveness.

Ideally, left alone, these operations would result in a balance individually and en masse, where aggressiveness was always used creatively, as indeed it can and should be. 

——摘自《灵魂永生》（The Eternal Validity of the Soul）

校译：        美编：路客

《赛斯说●第八十九期》

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