偏执狂与妄想症患者的世界（下）

此段摘自《个人与群体事件的本质》第六章“控制下的环境，以及正面与负面的集体行为”第八一二节

偏执狂有某些其他的信念。让我们以一个假设的人做例子——这个人确信他有一个健康的身体，并且为他的心理稳定性感到自豪。让我们称这个朋友为彼得吧。

出于他自己的理由，彼得也许认定他的身体——而不是联邦调查局——要来找他麻烦并惩罚他。他可能象征性地挑选出一个器官或一种机能，而他将误读许多“身体事件”，就像另一个人可能误读群体事件那样。任何所谓的公益宣传片提到与他的敏感区域有关的症状，都会立刻引起他的警觉。他会有意无意地关注身体的那个部位，预期它会出故障。我们的朋友真的能改变他身体的实际状况。

彼得会以负面方式诠释这种身体事件，视之为威胁，结果一些颇为正常的生理感觉也令他恐惧，像害怕警察一样。如果他继续这样做，经过一段足够长的时间，他就真的会让身体的一部分紧张，而通过告诉别人这件事，渐渐地，他不止开始影响他的个人世界，也影响到他所接触的群体世界：人家会知道他有胃溃疡，或别的什么毛病。在每种情况下，我们都在处理对基本感官资料的误读。

当我说一个人误读了感官资料，我是指在心与物之间的平衡变得过于偏重某一方。那么，是有某些事件连结了世界。虽然说到底，这些事件源自世界秩序之外，然而它们却作为恒常物出现在世界之内。它们的实相是种种力量精确平衡的结果，因此某些精神事件显得十分真实，而其他则是外围性的。你们有黄昏也有黎明。如果你在半夜完全清醒，相信那时实际上是黎明，而无法区分你的个人实相与物质实相，那么这平衡就受到干扰了。

偏执狂按照他的执念来组织心理世界，他切掉每样不适合的东西，直到一切都符合他的信念。在任何一点上，只要检查一下未被偏见影响的感官资料，就会马上为他带来解脱。

The paranoid has certain other beliefs. Let us take a hypothetical individual — one who is convinced he has a healthy body, and is proud of mental stability. Let us call this friend Peter.

Peter [for his own reasons] may decide that his body is out to get him and punish him, rather than, say, the FBI. He may symbolically pick out an organ or a function, and he will misinterpret many body events in the same way that another may misinterpret mass events. Any public service announcements, so-called, publicizing symptoms connected with his sensitive area, will immediately alarm him. He will consciously and unconsciously focus upon that part of the body, anticipating its malfunction. Our friend can indeed alter the reality of his body.

Peter will interpret such body events in a negative fashion, and as threatening, so that some quite normal sensations will serve the same functions as a fear of policemen, for example. If he keeps this up long enough, he will indeed strain a portion of the body, and by telling others about it he will gradually begin to affect not only his personal world, but that part of the mass world with which he has contact: It will be known that he has an ulcer, or whatever. In each case we are dealing with a misinterpretation of basic sense data.

When I say that a person misinterprets sense data, I mean that the fine balance between mind and matter becomes overstrained in one direction. There are, then, certain events that connect the world. Though when everything is said and done these events come from outside of the world's order, nevertheless they appear as constants within it. Their reality is the result of the most precise balancing of forces so that certain mental events appear quite real, and others are peripheral. You have dusk and dawn. If in the middle of the night, and fully awake, you believe it is sunrise in physical terms, and cannot differentiate between your personal reality and the physical one, then that balance is disturbed.

The paranoid organizes the psychological world about his obsession, for such it is, and he cuts everything out that does not apply, until all conforms to his beliefs. An examination of unprejudiced sense data at any point would at any time bring him relief.

——摘自《个人与群体事件的本质》（The Individual and the Nature of Mass Events）

校译：Laujenny 美编：代苏

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