【中医英语】八纲辨证

The process of determining the actual pattern of diagnosis begins with an evaluation of bing according to the notion of the Eight Principles. The Eight Principles describe the basic qualities of a disease. This notion refers to four pairs of mutual opposites.

确定实际诊断模式的过程始于根据八纲辨证的概念对病进行评估。八纲辨证描述了疾病的基本特质。八纲辨证指的是四对相互对立的事物。

The Eight Principles are:

1. Yin: Yin, along with yang is the most general classification for pattern diagnosis and it describes the relationship between the other three pairs of the Principles. Generally speaking, yin is Cold. 

阴：阴与阳是模式诊断中最通用的分类，它描述了其他三对原理之间的关系。一般来说，阴是冷。

2. Yang: Yang, along with yin is used to describe the relationship between the other three pairs of the Principles. For example, Heat is Yang.

阳：阳与阴一起用于描述其他三对原理之间的关系。例如热是阳。

3. Interior: Interior describes diseases that manifest themselves in the Zang-fu organs or deep inside the body, such as qi, blood, and bone marrow. More broadly, it used to describe diseases that cannot be classified as Exterior.

里：里是指表现在脏腑器官或体内深处的疾病，例如气，血和骨髓。更广泛地说，它用来描述无法归类为外部疾病的疾病。

4. Exterior: Exterior describes diseases that manifest themselves on surface of the body, such hair, skin, nails, and meridians. Its clinical features include body chills, fever, aversion to cold temperatures and winds, a weak pulse, and headaches.

表：表是指在身体外部表现出来的疾病，例如头发，皮肤，指甲和经络。它的临床特征包括发冷，发烧，恶寒恶风，脉搏微弱和头痛。